The Benedictine monastery at Montserrat has pressed its own wine since 1025, though visitors today come for the basilica's Romanesque Madonna and the jagged peaks that frame it. By the 12th century, monks had terraced the mountain's southern slopes for vineyards, using irrigation channels carved into dolomite. The practice ended in 1835 when Spain's confiscation laws stripped ecclesiastical landholdings, and by the 20th century commercial viticulture had shifted 40 kilometres south to the Penedès basin, where calcareous soil and maritime air produced a different character entirely. Montserrat itself sits at 725 metres, its basilica open daily from 07:00 to 20:00. The monastery complex — rebuilt after Napoleon's troops torched it in 1811 — now houses a museum displaying Caravaggio, El Greco, and Dalí alongside 13th-century Catalan altarpieces. The black Madonna, La Moreneta, stands in a side chapel accessible via separate queue; conservation donations are requested but not compulsory. Most Montserrat wine tour from Barcelona packages pair a two-hour monastery stop with a vineyard visit in the Penedès DO, where 90 per cent of Catalonia's cava originates. The region's chalky Alt Penedès sub-zone produces still whites from xarel·lo and macabeo, while coastal Baix Penedès favours red varieties like garnatxa. The cogwheel railway — the cremallera — has climbed from Monistrol de Montserrat since 1892, ascending 550 vertical metres in 15 minutes. Private operators bundle train tickets with winery stops, typically at family estates near Vilafranca del Penedès or Sant Sadurní d'Anoia, where cellars date to the 1870s phylloxera recovery. Tastings run 45 to 90 minutes and include three to five wines, often accompanied by embotits — cured sausages — and local cheeses. Some itineraries add a stop at Castell de Pujalt or Oller del Mas, both boutique producers with hillside tasting rooms. Return departures from Montserrat depart every 30 minutes until 18:00; late-afternoon light on the peaks is softest between 17:00 and dusk.